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  1. Partial wave analysis of 𝑒+β’π‘’βˆ’ β†’ πœ‹+β’πœ‹βˆ’β’π½/πœ“ and cross section measurement of 𝑒+β’π‘’βˆ’ β†’ πœ‹ Β± ⁒𝑍𝑐⁒(3900)βˆ“ from 4.1271 to 4.3583 GeV

    Ablikim, M. ; Achasov, M. N. ; Adlarson, P. ; ... - Physical Review. D.
    Based on 12.0 fbβˆ’1 of 𝑒+β’π‘’βˆ’ collision data samples collected by the BESIII detector at center-of-mass energies from 4.1271 to 4.3583 GeV, a partial wave analysis is performed for the process 𝑒+β’π‘’βˆ’ β†’ πœ‹+β’πœ‹βˆ’β’π½/πœ“. The cross sections for the subprocesses 𝑒+β’π‘’βˆ’ β†’ πœ‹+⁒𝑍𝑐⁒(3900)βˆ’ + c.c. β†’ πœ‹+β’πœ‹βˆ’β’π½/πœ“, 𝑓0⁑(980)⁒(β†’ πœ‹+β’πœ‹βˆ’)⁒𝐽/πœ“, and (πœ‹+β’πœ‹βˆ’)Sβˆ’wave⁒𝐽/πœ“ are measured for the first time. The mass and width of the 𝑍𝑐⁒(3900)Β± are determined to be 3884.6 Β± 0.7 Β± 3.3 MeV/𝑐2 and 37.2 Β± 1.3 Β± 6.6 MeV, respectively. The first errors are statistical and the second systematic. The final state (πœ‹+β’πœ‹βˆ’)Sβˆ’wave⁒𝐽/πœ“ dominates the process 𝑒+β’π‘’βˆ’ β†’more » πœ‹+β’πœ‹βˆ’β’π½/πœ“. By analyzing the cross sections of πœ‹Β±β’π‘π‘β’(3900)βˆ“ and 𝑓0⁑(980)⁒𝐽/πœ“, π‘Œβ‘(4220) has been observed. Its mass and width are determined to be 4225.7 Β± 4.1 Β± 3.4 MeV/𝑐2 and 57.5 Β± 9.4 Β± 12.1 MeV, respectively.« less

  2. Lepton flavor violation by three units

    Heeck, Julian ; Sokhashvili, Mikheil ; Thapa, Anil - Physical Review. D.
    The conservation of lepton flavor is a prediction of the Standard Model and is still an excellent approximate symmetry despite our observation of neutrino oscillations. Lepton flavor violation by one or two units has been discussed for decades, with several dedicated experiments exploring the vast model landscape but no discoveries so far. Here, we explore operators and processes that violate at least one lepton flavor by three units and identify testable signatures. In the Standard Model effective field theory, such operators already arise at mass dimension 7 and can be tested through their contributions to Michel parameters in leptonic decays.more » True neutrinoless charged-lepton flavor violation arises at mass dimension 10 and can realistically only be seen in the tau decay channels 𝜏 β†’ $$𝑒⁒𝑒⁒𝑒⁒\bar{πœ‡}⁒\bar{πœ‡}$$ or 𝜏 β†’ $$πœ‡β’πœ‡β’πœ‡\bar{𝑒}\bar{𝑒}$$, for example in Belle II. Testable rates for these tau decays require light new particles and subsequently predict an avalanche of remarkably clean but so-far unconstrained collider signatures.« less

  3. An Integrated Hydroclimatic Assessment of Future Reservoir and Hydropower Operations in the U.S.

    Bokhari, Hussain H. ; Corsi, Fabio ; Miara, Ariel ; ... - Earth's Future
    The engineering of rivers by dams is a formative feature of human-nature systems and the interconnectivity of water, energy, and the climate. Sufficient and broad-based representations of dams in large-scale hydrological models prove essential to mapping their extensive regulation of river flow and biogeochemistry and gauging climate-linked provisions, including freshwater supply and hydropower. We present an integrated modeling framework to investigate future streamflow and hydropower generation in the Contiguous U.S. (1990–2075), leveraging an ensemble of six downscaled and bias-corrected General Circulation Models (GCMs) from the high-end SSP585 scenario of the CMIP6. To achieve this, we develop a reservoir operations andmore » parameterization scheme for 1,384 dams in a high-resolution river network, including simulated hydropower generation for 326 dams. For the GCM ensemble mean, we simulate a widespread increase in regulated streamflow into the late-century (11% annual and 17% in winter for the dam median) with region-specific changes in summer streamflow that feature prominent declines in the Northwest (βˆ’7%). Mediation by reservoirs is shown to dampen intra-annual streamflow changes, delivering additional summer releases that partially mitigate declining flows. Total hydropower generation is projected to increase modestly (+3%), with boosted generation in the winter (+9%) and spring (+5%) offsetting declined summer generation (βˆ’3.4%), suggesting strong adaptation potential for hydropower in the future energy portfolio. Further analysis reveals that the choice of GCM, particularly in western regions, has significant bearing on projected streamflow and hydropower changes.« less

  4. Aspen Open Jets: unlocking LHC data for foundation models in particle physics

    Amram, Oz ; Anzalone, Luca ; Birk, Joschka ; ... - Machine Learning: Science and Technology
    Foundation models are deep learning models pre-trained on large amounts of data which are capable of generalizing to multiple datasets and/or downstream tasks. This work demonstrates how data collected by the CMS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider can be useful in pre-training foundation models for HEP. Specifically, we introduce the AspenOpenJets (AOJs) dataset, consisting of approximately 178 M high pT jets derived from CMS 2016 Open Data. We show how pre-training the OmniJet-Ξ± foundation model on AOJs improves performance on generative tasks with significant domain shift: generating boosted top and QCD jets from the simulated JetClass dataset. In additionmore » to demonstrating the power of pre-training of a jet-based foundation model on actual proton–proton collision data, we provide the ML-ready derived AOJs dataset for further public use.« less

  5. Measurement of the Higgs boson mass and width using the four-lepton final state in proton-proton collisions at $$\sqrt{s}$$ =13  TeV

    Hayrapetyan, A. ; Tumasyan, A. ; Adam, W. ; ... - Physical Review. D.
    A measurement of the Higgs boson mass and width via its decay to two 𝑍 bosons is presented. Proton-proton collision data collected by the CMS experiment, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138  fbβˆ’1 at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, is used. The invariant mass distribution of four leptons in the on-shell Higgs boson decay is used to measure its mass and constrain its width. This yields the most precise single measurement of the Higgs boson mass to date, 125.04 Β± 0.12  GeV, and an upper limit on the width Γ𝐻 < 330 MeV at 95% confidence level. A combination ofmore » the on- and off-shell Higgs boson production decaying to four leptons is used to determine the Higgs boson width, assuming that no new virtual particles affect the production, a premise that is tested by adding new heavy particles in the gluon fusion loop model. This result is combined with a previous CMS analysis of the off-shell Higgs boson production with decay to two leptons and two neutrinos, giving a measured Higgs boson width of 3.0$$^{+2.0}_{βˆ’1.5}$$ MeV, in agreement with the standard model prediction of 4.1 MeV. The strength of the off-shell Higgs boson production is also reported. The scenario of no off-shell Higgs boson production is excluded at a confidence level corresponding to 3.8 standard deviations.« less

  6. Probing New Bosons and Nuclear Structure with Ytterbium Isotope Shifts

    Door, Menno ; Yeh, Chih-Han ; Heinz, Matthias ; ... - Physical Review Letters
    In this Letter, we present mass-ratio measurements on highly charged Yb42+ ions with a precision of 4 Γ—10-12 and isotope-shift measurements on Yb+ on the 2S1/2 β†’ 2D5/2 and 2S1/2 β†’ 2F7/2 transitions with a precision of 4 Γ—10-9 for the isotopes 168,170,172,174,176 Yb. We present a new method that allows us to extract higher-order changes in the nuclear charge distribution along the Yb isotope chain, benchmarking ab initio nuclear structure calculations. Additionally, we perform a King plot analysis to set bounds on a fifth force in the keV/c2 to MeV/c2 range coupling to electrons and neutrons.

  7. Observation of New Charmonium or Charmoniumlike States in B+ β†’ D*Β±Dβˆ“K+ Decays

    Aaij, R. ; Abdelmotteleb, A. S. W. ; Abellan Beteta, C. ; ... - Physical Review Letters
    A study of resonant structures in 𝐡+→𝐷*+β’π·βˆ’β’πΎ+ and 𝐡+→𝐷*βˆ’β’π·+⁒𝐾+ decays is performed, using proton-proton collision data at center-of-mass energies of βˆšπ‘  =7, 8, and 13 TeV recorded by the LHCb experiment, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 9 fbβˆ’1. A simultaneous amplitude fit is performed to the two channels with contributions from resonances decaying to 𝐷*βˆ’β’π·+ and 𝐷*+β’π·βˆ’ states linked by 𝐢 parity. This procedure allows the 𝐢 parities of resonances in the 𝐷*Β±β’π·βˆ“ mass spectra to be determined. Four charmonium or charmoniumlike states are observed decaying into 𝐷*Β±β’π·βˆ“: πœ‚π‘β‘(3945), β„Žπ‘β‘(4000), πœ’π‘β’1⁑(4010), and β„Žπ‘β‘(4300), with quantum numbers 𝐽𝑃⁒𝐢 equal tomore » 0βˆ’+, 1+βˆ’, 1++, and 1+βˆ’, respectively. At least three of these states have not been observed previously. In addition, the existence of the 𝑇$$^*_{\bar{c}\bar{s}0}$$⁒(2870)0 and 𝑇$$^*_{\bar{c}\bar{s}1}$$(2900)0 resonances in the π·βˆ’β’πΎ+ mass spectrum, already observed in the 𝐡+→𝐷+β’π·βˆ’β’πΎ+ decay, is confirmed in a different production channel.« less

  8. Evolution of shell gaps in the neutron-poor calcium region from invariant-mass spectroscopy of 37,38Sc, 35Ca, 34K

    Dronchi, N. ; Charity, R. J. ; Sobotka, L. G. ; ... - Physical Review. C
    A fast secondary beam of 37Ca impinged on a 9Be target resulting in a set of reactions populating proton-rich nuclei including 35Ca and the first observations of 37,38Sc and 34K. Invariant-mass spectroscopy, used to reconstruct proton decays for these nuclei, yielded three new ground-state masses and information on their low-lying structures. The newly measured mass excesses are: Ξ”M(37Sc) = 3500(410) keV, Ξ”M(38Sc) = –4656(14) keV, and Ξ”M(34K) = –1487(17) keV. These nuclei straddle the well-known Z = 20 shell closure as well as the N = 16 subshell closure. Furthermore, trends in separation energies help elucidate how nuclear structure evolvesmore » showing a fading of the Z = 20 shell gap for N β‰₯ 18 and indications of a N = 16 subshell gap.« less

  9. Trace anomaly form factors from lattice QCD

    Wang, Bigeng ; He, Fangcheng ; Wang, Gen ; ... - Physical Review. D.
    The hadron mass can be obtained through the calculation of the trace of the energy-momentum tensor in the hadron which includes the trace anomaly and sigma terms. The anomaly due to conformal symmetry breaking is believed to be an important ingredient for hadron mass generation and confinement. In this work, we will present the calculation of the glue part of the trace anomaly form factors of the pion up to Q 2 ∼ 4.3     GeV 2 and the nucleon up to Q 2 ∼ 1     GeVmore » 2 . The calculations are performed on a domain wall fermion ensemble with overlap valence quarks at seven valence pion masses varying from ∼ 250 to ∼ 540     MeV , including the unitary point ∼ 340     MeV . We calculate the radius of the glue trace anomaly for the pion and the nucleon from the z expansion. By performing a two-dimensional Fourier transform on the glue trace anomaly form factors in the infinite momentum frame with no energy transfer, we also obtain their spatial distributions for several valence quark masses. The results are qualitatively extrapolated to the physical valence pion mass with systematic errors from the unphysical sea quark mass, discretization effects in the renormalization sum rule, and finite-volume effects to be addressed in the future. We find the pion’s form factor changes sign, as does its spatial distribution, for light quark masses. This explains how the trace anomaly contribution to the pion mass approaches zero toward the chiral limit. Published by the American Physical Society 2024« less

  10. Precision Mass Measurement of the Proton Dripline Halo Candidate 22Al

    Campbell, S. E. ; Bollen, G. ; Brown, B. A. ; ... - Physical Review Letters
    Here, we report the first mass measurement of the proton-halo candidate 22Al performed with the low energy beam ion trap facility’s 9.4 T Penning trap mass spectrometer at facility for rare isotope beams. This measurement completes the mass information for the lightest remaining proton-dripline nucleus achievable with Penning traps. 22Al has been the subject of recent interest regarding a possible halo structure from the observation of an exceptionally large isospin asymmetry [J. Lee et al., Large isospin asymmetry in Si22/O22 Mirror Gamow-Teller transitions reveals the halo structure of 22Al , Phys. Rev. Lett. 125, 192503 (2020).]. The measured mass excessmore » value of ME=18 092.5⁒(3) keV, corresponding to an exceptionally small proton separation energy of 𝑆𝑝=100.4⁒(8) keV, is compatible with the suggested halo structure. Our result agrees well with predictions from 𝑠⁒𝑑-shell USD Hamiltonians. While USD Hamiltonians predict deformation in the 22Al ground state with minimal 1⁒𝑠1/2 occupation in the proton shell, a particle-plus-rotor model in the continuum suggests that a proton halo could form at large quadrupole deformation. These results emphasize the need for a charge radius measurement to conclusively determine the halo nature.« less
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